Energy in the form of heat is obtained when fuel is burnt in air. The release of this heat energy can be slow or can be very rapid.
When fuel oil is sprayed as a fine mist in the boiler burners, it is able to burn at a relatively slow rate. When fuel is sprayed into the cylinders of diesel engines, the fuel burns in such a rapid rate that explosions occur. Fortunately, these explosions are protected from persons as these engines are called internal combustion engines.
Whatever type of combustion, it is a chemical reaction between carbon, hydrogen, sulphur and oxygen.
C + O2 = CO2
2CO + O2 = 2CO
2H2 + O2 = 2H2O
S + O2 = SO2
2S + 3O2 = 2SO3
Air consists of 77% Nitrogen and 23% Oxygen by mass. For a particular design of combustion air, the theoritical oxygen multiplied by 100/23 will give the theoritical air required.
How do you measure a good combustion. The percentage of Oxygen or Carbon Dioxide will tell us whether the combustion is good or not good.
The lower the Oxygen content in the exhaust gas, the better the combustion. It means that the Oxygen has been fully utilized for burning. It also means that the fuel air ratio is set properly. Too much excess air is no good because the heat generated will be lost through the exhaust trunking.
Boilers are able to achieve a good combustion. Oxygen content percentage of up to 5% or lower can be achieved.
Internal combustion engines have a lot of excess air because mixing of the combustible mixture is a challenge for them. Furthermore, the combustion is meant to provide the power to drive the pistons.
The burning of sulphur in the fuel is a problem for combustion equipment. This is because the byproducts of combustion will create sulphur dioxide and sulphur trioxide. These will react with the water, also a byproduct of combustion of Hydrogen to form sulphuric acid and sulphurous acid.
SO3 + H2O = H2SO4
SO2 + H2O = H2SO3
2H2SO3 + O2 = H2SO4
However, the effects of corrosion, called low temperature corrosion can be avoided by keeping the temperature above the dewpoint. That means to keep the exhaust temperature high so that water droplets will not form on the exhaust ducts.
Folks, get hot!
Until next time?
"Attract CUSTOMERS With Smells!"
Irresistible smells of pheromone fragrances draws on the basic instincts of persons. Make use of nature's attractant! And discover the power of fragrant attraction in your business world! http://www.free-marine.com/linklovescent.htm
Many years of working experience in Marine, Facilities, Construction has given the author material for writing e-books and articles related to engineering, and management. Subscribe to facworld ezine at mailto:facworld-subscribe@yahoogroups.com More information at http://www.free-marine.com and http://www.free-engineering.com
This Feb. 12 marks the 196th anniversary of Charles Darwin's... Read More
Nature has millions of intervowen interrelationships among the numerous flora... Read More
'Kenyanthropus platyops': - Perhaps the 6,000,000 year old men found... Read More
Is Mars Hollow? We are pretty sure it is not,... Read More
Destruction! Blow Up! Eliminate! These are not pleasant words!Unfortunately, when... Read More
Complex control systems all make use of signals that can... Read More
I propose research be done to make unmanned tunneling machines... Read More
BI-LOCATION (PADRE PIO & PYTHAGORAS): - I have some experience... Read More
DNA testing has three major applications for forensic studies: identification... Read More
Cord blood is the blood left in the umbilical cord... Read More
Cleaning Plexiglas windows is not easy, you have to be... Read More
The changes in the earth magnetic field away from the... Read More
IntroductionThe internet has opened up opportunities for many DNA laboratories... Read More
Can we coax warms of Locusts to attack our enemies?... Read More
Recently in a coffee shop I met a gentleman who... Read More
I believe a program can be written to scan text... Read More
ALTERNATE AND PARALLEL UNIVERSES: - The modern science of physics... Read More
Aerodynamics of a flying sphere. It has been said that... Read More
In History and Science:INSPIRATIONAL COMMENTS:"Everybody was glad that I was... Read More
In the United States, Congress approved, last month, increases in... Read More
There are many technologies being used today such as ultrasonic... Read More
More and more future fighting vehicles introduced at the Military... Read More
Can a hybrid Surface to Air Missile, UAV loiter for... Read More
What is a UUV? UUV is the abbreviation given to... Read More
The circulation of print magazines has declined precipitously in the... Read More
With the rising cost of fuel prices, industries that use... Read More
Thought of the day. I talked to an old guy... Read More
One future problem, which has not sufficiently been addressed, is... Read More
What happens if the world is faced with a Pandemic,... Read More
Energy in the form of heat is obtained when fuel... Read More
By allowing high altitude Satellite Type Balloons or Blimps with... Read More
A Mechanical bullet, which will turn in flight is well... Read More
I propose that we give soldiers an ultra thin material,... Read More
Today we have already available UAVs, which will soon have... Read More
We sure have come along way since the horse and... Read More
When Manufacturing nets of any type: Going for strength and... Read More
Remote Control Bacteria. Why not, we have remote control everything.... Read More
Soon scientists will have scaled down robotic insects. This is... Read More
With the rising cost of fuel prices, industries that use... Read More
Students often ask; "What exactly is science?" Professors explain by... Read More
About a month ago, I was helping a friend collect... Read More
Aerodynamics of a flying sphere. It has been said that... Read More
Braden is quite wrong when he says the initiations to... Read More
Naval blockade using polymer goo to stop fleeing ships might... Read More
One future problem, which has not sufficiently been addressed, is... Read More
During the speach, Dr. Reg McDaniel talked about first seeing... Read More
There are two types of cloning. One involves harvesting stem... Read More
This Feb. 12 marks the 196th anniversary of Charles Darwin's... Read More
Robots are for every one. Tech TV now host Battle... Read More
Plagues of Locusts through out history are well documented. In... Read More
Veterinary Hematology is more than just blood cells. Blood, highly... Read More
Eco-terrorists assume some how they are helping the environment, by... Read More
Scientists and Robotic Researchers are attempting to design human type... Read More
In any important task you need to stay alert and... Read More
Recently scientists were amazed that the space probes now leaving... Read More
A Mechanical bullet, which will turn in flight is well... Read More
Like a lot of kids, my folks gave me a... Read More
The Mighty Mississippi is backing up and causing flooding issues... Read More
The U. S. economy is feeling the brunt of skyrocketing... Read More
Albert Einstein had just administered an examination to an advanced... Read More
Through the wonders of science, infertile couples who were previously... Read More
At West Point, in a speech, President George W. Bush... Read More
What we know as satellite tv actually had its origins... Read More
I have always been an advocate of recycling. Even though... Read More
We need very much to study meteorites more, but we... Read More
Here is a very basic concept idea/plan to harvest energy... Read More
Science Articles |